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Ballal, Chandish R.
- Predatory Potential of Two Indigenous Anthocorid Predators on Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley and Paracoccus Marginatus Williams and Granara De Willink
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Authors
Affiliations
1 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects (ICAR), H. A. Farm P. O., Bellary Road, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN
1 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects (ICAR), H. A. Farm P. O., Bellary Road, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 26, No 1 (2012), Pagination: 18-22Abstract
The predatory potential of two anthocorid predators, Blaptostethus pallescens Poppius and Anthocoris muraleedharani Yamada on cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley and papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink was studied under laboratory conditions. During the nymphal stage, A. muraleedharani could feed on a total of 66 crawlers of P. solenopsis and the adult consumed 141 crawlers. Young nymphs (3-4 day old) of B. pallescens could not predate on P. solenopsis, crawlers, while, the mature nymph could consume 35 P. solenopsis crawlers and adult 23 crawlers. B. pallescens could feed on P. marginatus and the feeding potential was recorded as 18, 29 and 31 crawlers, for young nymph, mature nymph and adult, respectively. However, the longevity of B. pallescens was found significantly reduced when fed on P. marginatus. A. muraleedharani could not predate on P. marginatus. Though B. pallescens could predate on both mealybug species, A. muraleedharani appeared to be a more voracious predator of P. solenopsis based on its greater predatory potential, higher adult longevity and shorter nymphal duration.Keywords
Anthocoris muraleedharani, Blaptostethus pallescens, Feeding Potential, Paracoccus marginatus and Phenacoccus solenopsis.References
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- Syrphid Predators for Biological Control of Aphids
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Authors
Affiliations
1 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560 024, IN
1 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560 024, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 27, No 3 (2013), Pagination: 151-170Abstract
The family Syrphidae is divided into three subfamilies viz., Syrphinae, Milesiinae and Microdontinae. Majority of aphidophagous syrphids belong to the subfamily Syrphinae. Most species are terrestrial, while a few species are aquatic or live in very moist situation. Among the terrestrial forms at least 25 per cent are predacious, chiefly aphidophagous. There are more than 4700 species worldwide with 312 species under 71 genera known from the Indian subcontinent. Many studies have been conducted on the biology, intrinsic rate of increase, feeding behavior and factors affecting their oviposition and techniques for their multiplication. Relatively, less importance has been given to their field evaluation and to the studies dealing with reasons tracing causes for their less effectiveness in the open field. Recently, considerable efforts have been made to enhance their effectiveness by manipulating their habitat. Development of techniques for their effective shipment and release are necessary. Release rates, stage to be released, and stage which can be stored at low temperature need to be identified.Keywords
Aphids, Biology, Biological Control, Syrphids.References
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- Protocols for the Commercial Production of Orius tantillus (Motschulsky) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae)
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Authors
Affiliations
1 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, IN
1 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 23, No 4 (2009), Pagination: 385-391Abstract
Protocols for the mass rearing of the anthocorid predator, Orius tantillus (Motschulsky), were standardised by utilising UV-irradiated Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) eggs as prey. By maintaining 150 ovipositional containers with 50 O. tantillus adults in each, and by providing S. cerealella eggs as feeding and pieces of bean pods as ovipositional substrates, 86,250 nymphs could be produced per month. By taking into account the fixed and variable costs, the cost of 100 seven-day-old O. tantillus nymphs was worked out to be Rs. 34.30. The protocols developed can be adopted for commercial production.Keywords
Orius tantillus, Sitotroga cerealella, Commercial Production, Cost of Production, Mass Rearing.References
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- Molecular Characterisation of some Indian Anthocorid Predators
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Authors
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1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, P B.No. 2491, H.A. Farm Post, Bellary road, Bengaluru – 560024, IN
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, P B.No. 2491, H.A. Farm Post, Bellary road, Bengaluru – 560024, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 29, No 1 (2015), Pagination: 8-13Abstract
Anthocorid predators widely used as biocontrol agents were characterised for genetic diversity and phylogeny. Cardiastethus exiguus Poppius, Xylocoris flavipes Reuter and Blaptostethus pallescens Poppius were characterised using Cytochrome oxidase I (COI) marker to elucidate the diversity and phylogeny. The sequencing of the COI region at 650bp was compared with sequence of Orius majusculus (Reuter), available at NCBI by BLASTn. The cluster analysis based on dendogram revealed B. pallescens and O. majusculus to be more closely related, while X. flavipes and C. exiguus were distinct. The usefulness of characterisation and phylogenetic relationship among the anthocorid populations for their effective utilisation in pest management is discussed.Keywords
Anthocorids, COI, PCR, Phylogeny, Predators.- Influence of Seasons and Inoculum Dosages on the Production Efficiency of Corcyra cephalonica Stainton
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Division of Insect Ecology, National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Post Box No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Pin – 560024, IN
1 Division of Insect Ecology, National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Post Box No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Pin – 560024, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 29, No 1 (2015), Pagination: 25-30Abstract
Corcyra cephalonica is a laboratory host used for multiplication of parasitoids, predators and entomopathogens. The present study is aimed to understand the effect of seasons and inoculum dosages of Corcyra eggs on the production efficiency. Egg production ranged from 3.1 to 5.8 cc per box during the different seasons and minimum production being recorded during dry months. The dosages tested were 0.5, 0.25 and 0.125 cc of Corcyra eggs / rearing box. Maximum per cent moth emergence (83.5%), shorter developmental duration (40.4 days) and higher fecundity (467 no.) of emerged moths were recorded in the boxes with 0.125 cc (2000 eggs) inoculum. Validation of experiments indicated that compared to the boxes with 0.5 cc inoculum, a 2.15, 1.44, 1.35 and 1.49 times increase in average production per box from 0.125cc infested boxes more during monsoon, post monsoon, dry and summer months, respectively. The data generated can be utilized for improving the protocol for mass rearing of Corcyra cephalonica.Keywords
Corcyra cephalonica, Mass Production, Rearing Boxes.- Feasibility of Continuous Rearing of a Potential Ichneumonid Parasitoid Campoletis chlorideae Uchida
Abstract Views :261 |
PDF Views:121
Authors
Affiliations
1 ICAR - National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560 024, IN
2 Division of Food Processing, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, CIFT Junction, Willingdon Island Matsyapuri P.O., Cochin-682 029, Kerala, IN
1 ICAR - National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560 024, IN
2 Division of Food Processing, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, CIFT Junction, Willingdon Island Matsyapuri P.O., Cochin-682 029, Kerala, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 29, No 2 (2015), Pagination: 75-84Abstract
The rearing of ichneumonid parasitoids is a great challenge mainly due to the preponderance of male progeny in the continuously lab reared cultures. The issues faced in the continuous rearing of an indigenous ichneumonid parasitoid Campoletis chlorideae Uchida (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) were recorded and attempts were made to tackle these challenges by manipulating the rearing processes. Some of the problems could be considerably alleviated by rearing the parasitoids in larger cages measuring 0.52 × 0.52 × 0.76 m (with 5 to 8 parasitoid pairs per cage) and by placing these cages in walk-in chambers set at 26±2°C and 70±2% RH. It is a general observation that the culture deteriorates after some generations in the laboratory, but the need was felt to verify the biological parameters which are affected most due to continuous laboratory rearing. The reproductive rate and intrinsic rate of increase were significantly higher in the field collected parasitoids compared to the continuously lab reared ones indicating that bio-deterioration occurs due to continuous rearing. The study also indicated that it would be ideal to bring in wild culture after five generations in the laboratory and rejuvenation is essential after nine generations. Based on the information generated through basic studies, we aim to provide a simple protocol (including cage design) which can be adopted by insectaries or researchers interested in initiating and maintaining the culture of C. chlorideae. Measurable biological parameters are also suggested, which can be used to monitor the quality and scale of production.Keywords
Campoletis chlorideae, Spodoptera Litura, Rearing Protocol.- Biology and Rearing Requirements of an Anthocorid Predator, Blaptostethus pallescens Poppius (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae)
Abstract Views :272 |
PDF Views:124
Authors
Affiliations
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control (ICAR) P.B. No. 2491, H.A. Farm Post, Bellary Road Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, IN
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control (ICAR) P.B. No. 2491, H.A. Farm Post, Bellary Road Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 17, No 1 (2003), Pagination: 29-33Abstract
Biology and feeding potential of an anthocorid predator, Blaptostethus pallescens Pop pius were studied on the eggs of alternate host, Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton). Approximately 100 UV irradiated C. cephalonica eggs are required for rearing one nymph throughout its nymphal period of about 16 days (4-11 eggs per day) and 630 eggs for an adult throughout its longevity (3-19 eggs per day). Adult females had a greater feeding potential (943 eggs per adult) in comparison to males (381 eggs per adult). Utilising 9cc of C. cephalonica eggs, 1000 B. pallescens could be produced. The lab-reared adults had a very high longevity (38- 78 days) and fecundity (110-203 nymphs/female), indicating the suitability of C. cephalonica eggs for mass production.Keywords
Biology, Blaptostethus pallescens, Corcyra cephalonica, Feeding Potential, Rearing.- Fertility Table of an Exotic Parasitoid, Telenomus remus Nixon (Hymenoptera:Scelionidae) on Spodoptera litura (Fabricius)
Abstract Views :220 |
PDF Views:119
Authors
Affiliations
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control, P. B. No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, IN
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control, P. B. No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 13, No 1&2 (1999), Pagination: 25-31Abstract
Fecundity studies on Telenomus remus, an exotic parasitoid of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) indicated that in individual rearing, net reproductive rate was higher (120.53) and the population increased with an infinitesimal rate of 0.399 and a finite rate of 1.491. In group rearing, the corresponding figures were lower, being 65.03, 0.348 and 1.416, respectively. There was a preponderance of females in the individual rearing method, while a balanced sex ratio was obtained in group rearing.Keywords
Fertility Table, Rearing, Spodoptera litura, Telenomus remus.- Effect of Low Holding Temperatures on Mummies of Copidosoma koehleri Blanchard (Hymenoptera:Encyrtidae)
Abstract Views :189 |
PDF Views:124
Authors
Affiliations
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control, Post Bag No.2491, H.A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore-560024, IN
2 National Centre for Integrated Pest Management (lCAR), Lal Bahadur Shastri Bhavan, Block F, IARI Campus, Pusa, New Delhi -110012, IN
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control, Post Bag No.2491, H.A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore-560024, IN
2 National Centre for Integrated Pest Management (lCAR), Lal Bahadur Shastri Bhavan, Block F, IARI Campus, Pusa, New Delhi -110012, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 9, No 2 (1995), Pagination: 94-98Abstract
Storage studies Were conducted on the mummies of Copidosoma koehleri Blanchard, an encyrtid polyembryonic parasitoid of the potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella. The effect of storing C. koehleri mummies at 10°C and 15°C for periods ranging from 10 to 50 days was studied in the laboratory. Pre-emergence period was considerably delayed in the case of mummies stored at 10°C. The number of adults emerging per mummy was higher when stored at 15°C, but at this storage temperature, beyond 30 days, emergence occurred in storage. Considering the different storage temperature - period combinations, storage at 10°C for 10 days was most suitable as in this treatment, high per cent survival, maximum number of adults per mummy, and maximum fecundity were obtained. Hence, storage of C. koehleri mummies for 10 days at 10°C is suggested.Keywords
Copidosoma kochleri, Mummies, Phthorimaca operculella, Storage.- Host-Parasitoid Interaction Between Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) and Allorhogas pyralophagus Marsh
Abstract Views :207 |
PDF Views:125
Authors
Affiliations
1 Biological Control Centre (NCIPM), Post Bag-2491, H.A. Farm P.Q., Bellary Road, Bangalore - 560 024, IN
2 National Centre for Integrated Pest Management, 646, Sector 21-A, Badkhal Road, Faridabad, 121 001, Haryana, IN
1 Biological Control Centre (NCIPM), Post Bag-2491, H.A. Farm P.Q., Bellary Road, Bangalore - 560 024, IN
2 National Centre for Integrated Pest Management, 646, Sector 21-A, Badkhal Road, Faridabad, 121 001, Haryana, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 7, No 2 (1993), Pagination: 72-74Abstract
The effect of different parasitoid-host ratios on the mass multiplication of a gregarious ectoparasitoid, Allorhogas pyralophagus Marsh was investigated. One parasitoid : one host was found to be the optimum ratio for multiplying the parasitoid on Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) as it resulted in the production of maximum number of cocoons and healthy adults, besides providing a high per cent parasitism.
Keywords
Chilo partellus, Allorhogas pyralophagus, Host - Parasitoid Ratio.- Potential Natural Enemies of the Invasive Rugose Spiraling Whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin in India
Abstract Views :285 |
PDF Views:156
Authors
K. Selvaraj
1,
R. Sundararaj
2,
T. Venkatesan
1,
Chandish R. Ballal
1,
S. K. Jalali
1,
Ankita Gupta
1,
H. K. Mrudula
1
Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru - 560024, Karnataka, IN
2 Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Malleswaram, Bengaluru - 560003, Karnataka, IN
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru - 560024, Karnataka, IN
2 Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Malleswaram, Bengaluru - 560003, Karnataka, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 30, No 4 (2016), Pagination: 236-239Abstract
A invasive rugose spiraling whitefly (RSW) Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) was found infesting coconut, banana, custard apple and several ornamental plants in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala for the first time in India. The identity of the pest species was determined through morphological and molecular tools. Furthermore cytochrome c oxidase-I gene (658 bp) of RSW was sequenced (GenBank accession number KY209909) which would serve as an ideal molecular diagnostic marker for its identification irrespective of its phenotypic plasticity. During the survey, several natural enemies were recorded and maximum parasitism was recorded by Encarsia guadeloupae Viggiani (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) and its COI gene was sequenced and deposited as Encarsia sp. (GenBank accession number KY223606). Per cent parasitism ranged from 20.0 to 60.0 % in different collection locations, highest parasitism being recorded in Kerala as compared to other states. The predators recorded were Mallada sp., few coccinellids and predatory mites. This communication is the first report of the rugose spiraling whitefly, its host plant range and associated natural enemies in India.Keywords
Aleurodicus Rugioperculatus, Host-Plants and Natural Enemies, Invasive Pest, Spiraling Whitefly.References
- Evans GA. 2008. The whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) of the world and their host plants and natural enemies. Available from: http://keys.lucidcentral.org/keys/v3/ whitefly/ PDF_PwP% 20ETC/world-whitefly- catalog-Evans.pdf
- Dickey AM, Stocks IC, Smith T, Osborne L, McKenzie CL. 2015. DNA barcode development for three recent exotic whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) invaders in Florida. Florida Entomol. 98(2): 473–478.
- Francis AW, Stocks IC, Smith TR, Boughton AJ, Mannion CM, Osborne LS. 2016. Host plants and natural enemies of rugose spiraling whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Florida. Florida Entomol. 99(1): 150–153.
- Hayat M. 2011. Additions to the Indian Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) – III: The genus Encarsia Förster. Oriental Insects 45: 202–274.
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- Kumar V, McKenzie CL, Mannion C, Stocks I, Smith T, Osborne LS. 2013. Rugose spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). EENY578. University of Florida, IFAS Extension. Available from: http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/ creatures/orn /Aleurodicus_rugioperculatus.htm
- Martin JH. 2004. The whiteflies of Belize (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Part 1 - Introduction and account of the subfamily Aleurodicinae Quaintance and Baker. Zootaxa. 681: 1–119.
- Sundararaj R, Selvaraj K. Invasion of rugose spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae): A potential threat to coconut in India. Phytoparasitica (In Press).
- Stocks I. 2012. Rugose spiraling whitefly host plants. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS), Division of Plant Industry (DPI). Available from: http://monroe.ifas.ufl.edu/ pdf/Hort/ RSW_Host_ Plants_May _2012.pdf
- Stocks IC, Hodges G. 2012. The rugose spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin, a new exotic whitefly in south Florida (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry. Available from: http://freshfromflorida.s3. amazonaws.com/ aleurodicusrugioperculatus-pest-alert.pdf
- Taravati S, Mannion C, Glenn H, Osborne L. 2013. Natural enemies of rugose spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in the south Florida landscape. ENY- 870. University of Florida, IFAS Extension. Available from: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/IN/IN100400. pdf
- Viggiani G. 1987. New species of Encarsia Förster (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), parasitoids of whiteflies. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria ‘Filippo Silvestri’. Portici. 44: 35–37.
- Studies on Evaluation of Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) (Hemiptera:Miridae) Preying on Invasive Insect Pest Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae) and its Damage to Tomato Plant
Abstract Views :316 |
PDF Views:149
Authors
Affiliations
1 Division of Insect Ecology, ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, P.B. No. 2491, H.A Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal , Bangalore - 560024, Karnataka, IN
1 Division of Insect Ecology, ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, P.B. No. 2491, H.A Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal , Bangalore - 560024, Karnataka, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 31, No 2 (2017), Pagination: 69-73Abstract
Recently, in India severe incidence by the invasive insect pest, the South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) was reported for the first time infesting tomato crop in Pune, Maharashtra. Later infestation was reported in the other states of India. In T. absoluta infested tomato field, zoophytophagous mirid, Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) was observed to be associated with tomato pinworm. A net house experiment was conducted to evaluate N. tenuis on T. absoluta infested tomato plants. The aim was to ascertain, if releases of N. tenuis could reduce T. absoluta infestation or due to its phytophagous nature it could lead to damage of tomato plants. The treatments comprised of a) release of N. tenuis on T. absoluta infested plants, b) releases of N. tenuis on uninfested plants and c) T. absoluta infested plants were maintained as control. Results indicated that in treatment with N. tenuis, number of T. absoluta eggs and the % mined area were lesser by 83.25% and 89%, respectively. Overall number of necrotic rings per plant during all 10 weeks caused by N. tenuis was significantly lesser in T. absoluta infested plants treated with N. tenuis (0.74±0.18) compared to treatment with N. tenuis alone (2.16±0.35). Flower abortion was also not observed at this density (total release of 6 adults/plant). When mean number of T. absoluta eggs were high in 3rd week (9.54 eggs/plant) number of necrotic rings were negligible though average number of N. tenuis was 4.1/plant during the same week. During 5th week when number of N. tenuis was on peak (11.2/plant), the average numbers of T. absoluta eggs and necrotic rings were 3.61eggs/plant and 0.46/ plant, respectively. It shows that number of necrotic rings per plant increased with decreasing T. absoluta population. Further studies are needed to investigate the precise role of N. tenuis as a natural mortality factor of T. absoluta in field situations and its damage potential after a long interaction with plant in pest scarcity and when it occurs at high density.Keywords
Nesidiocoris tenuis, Necrotic Rings, Tomato, Tuta absoluta, Zoophytophagous.References
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- Arno J, Castane C, Riudavets J, Roig J, Gabarra R. 2006. Characterization of damage to tomato plants produced by the zoophytophagous predator Nesidiocoris tenuis. IOBC/WPRS Bull. 29: 249–254.
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- https://doi. org/10.1080/09583150500088777
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- First Record of Invasive Rugose Spiraling Whitefly Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae) along with Parasitoids in Karnataka
Abstract Views :402 |
PDF Views:164
Authors
K. Selvaraj
1,
Ankita Gupta
1,
T. Venkatesan
1,
S. K. Jalali
1,
R. Sundararaj
2,
Chandish R. Ballal
1
Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru - 560024, Karnataka, IN
2 Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Malleswaram, Bengaluru - 560003, Karnataka, IN
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru - 560024, Karnataka, IN
2 Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Malleswaram, Bengaluru - 560003, Karnataka, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 31, No 2 (2017), Pagination: 74-78Abstract
Occurrence of the invasive rugose spiraling whitefly (RSW), Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin was found on coconut, banana, mango, guava, sapota, Indian almond, water apple, ball tree, rubber fig, butterfly palm, and ruffled fan palm for the first time in Karnataka. Severe damage was noticed in the coastal areas of Mangalore and Udupi and the infestation ranged from 20-35% in coconut and 24-38% in banana. Morphology and molecular based taxonomic tools were used to identity the pest and its natural enemies. Survey also revealed natural parasitism by the parasitoids Encarsia guadeloupae Viggiani and E. dispersa Polaszek (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) with 5-15% in coconut, 7-18% in banana and 22-30% in sapota. Besides, other commonly found natural enemies viz., Stethorus sp. associated with mites and Dichochrysa astur were also recorded. Furthermore, augmentation and conservation strategies for these parasitoids for the management of this invasive pest were discussed.Keywords
Aleurodicus rugioperculatus, Host-Plants, Invasive Pest, Natural Enemies, Rugose Spiraling Whitefly.References
- Dickey AM, Stocks IC, Smith T, Osborne L, McKenzie CL. 2015. DNA barcode development for three recent exotic whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) invaders in Florida. Florida Entomol. 98(2): 473–478. https://doi.org/10.1653/024.098.0213
- Dubey AK, David BV. 2012. Collection, preservation and preparation of specimens for taxonomic study of whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). pp-01-19. In: David B.V. (Ed.). The whiteflies or mealywing bugs. LAP Lambert Academic Publisher, Germany.
- Evans GA. 2008. The whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) of the world and their host plants and natural enemies, Available from: http://keys.lucidcentral.org/keys/v3/ whitefly/ PDF_PwP% 20ETC/ world-whitefly- catalogEvans. pdf (Accessed 6 March, 2017).
- Francis AW, Stocks IC, Smith TR, Boughton AJ, Mannion CM, Osborne LS. 2016. Host plants and natural enemies of rugose spiraling whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Florida. Florida Entomol. 99(1): 150–153. https://doi.org/10.1653/024.099.0134
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- Temperature Based Differences in Biological Parameters of Some Potential Species/Strains of Trichogramma
Abstract Views :270 |
PDF Views:148
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Biotechnology, Center for Post Graduate Studies, Jain University, Jayanagar, 9 Bengaluru – 560011, Karnataka, IN
2 ICAR- National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, P. Bag No. 2491, H.A Farm post, Bellary Road, Bangalore – 24, IN
3 GPS Institute of Agricultural Management, Bengaluru - 560058, IN
1 Department of Biotechnology, Center for Post Graduate Studies, Jain University, Jayanagar, 9 Bengaluru – 560011, Karnataka, IN
2 ICAR- National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, P. Bag No. 2491, H.A Farm post, Bellary Road, Bangalore – 24, IN
3 GPS Institute of Agricultural Management, Bengaluru - 560058, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 31, No 2 (2017), Pagination: 82-89Abstract
The effect of temperature on different Trichogramma spp. is an aspect to be understood for planning mass production strategies and further field releases. The key biological parameters of seven different spp./strains of trichogrammatids (viz. Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead, T. cordubensis Vargas and Carbello, T. achaeae Nagaraja and Nagarkatti, four strains of T. chilonis Ishii i.e. lab strain, Nilgiris strain, Kodaikanal strain and a strain acclimatized to constant 15°C) were investigated at five constant temperatures (16, 21, 26, 31 and 36±1°C with 60-70% RH and L: D-12:12). The different test temperatures had a significant impact on the biological parameters of the different species/strains. Based on longevity, parasitism and fecundity attributes, the best temperature to propagate these trichogrammatids was found to be 26°C. Considering the higher parasitism rates and the ability to parasitize and remain fecund at varied temperatures, T. chilonis Nilgiris strain proved to be the best. From the linear model of regression analysis, the upper temperature thresholds ranged from 35 to 46.37°C and the lower temperature thresholds were recorded to range between 9 and 12°C, with T. cordubensis appearing to be least temperature sensitive.Keywords
Biology, Effect of Temperature, Trichogramma.References
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- Effect of Constant Temperature Regimes on the Biological Parameters of an Anthocorid Predator Orius tantillus (Motsch)
Abstract Views :253 |
PDF Views:129
Authors
Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, H. A. Farm P. O., Bellary Road, Bangalore - 560 024, Karnataka, IN
2 Pest Control (India) Pvt. Ltd., Bio-Control Research Laboratory 36/2, Sriramanahalli, Arakere Post, Bangalore - 561203, Karnataka, IN
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, H. A. Farm P. O., Bellary Road, Bangalore - 560 024, Karnataka, IN
2 Pest Control (India) Pvt. Ltd., Bio-Control Research Laboratory 36/2, Sriramanahalli, Arakere Post, Bangalore - 561203, Karnataka, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 31, No 3 (2017), Pagination: 146-158Abstract
Experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of different temperature regimes (16, 20, 24, 28, 32 and 36±1°C) on the biological and fertility table parameters of Orius tantillus (Motsch.), an efficient indigenous predator of various thrips species in India Temperature influenced the development and reproduction of O. tantillus. Based on the biological parameters, viz. longevity, fecundity and fertility parameters, 24°C was recorded to be the optimum temperature for rearing O. tantillus. The temperature of 16°C had a detrimental effect on nymphal survival, while 36°C on fecundity. Thus, 16 and 36°C were recorded as unsuitable for rearing O. tantillus. The lower threshold temperatures for development of eggs and nymphs of O. tantillus were 8.66 and 6.92°C, respectively, indicating that the eggs are more heat-sensitive than the nymphs. Based on the T0 values, O. tantillus appears to be less heat sensitive in comparison to other Orius spp. The information generated through this study could be used for further improving the standardized production protocol for O. tantillus and also for planning and timing field releases to target thrips species.Keywords
Biological Parameters, Effect of Temperature, Fertility Parameters, Orius tantillus, Rearing, Sitotroga cerealella, Thermal Requirement.References
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- Optimized Binning Technique in Decision Tree Model for Predicting The Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) Incidence on Cotton
Abstract Views :252 |
PDF Views:116
Authors
Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru – 560024, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Computer Science, Jain University, Bengaluru – 560011, Karnataka, IN
3 University of Agricultural Sciences, Agricultural Research Station, Raichur - 584102, Karnataka, IN
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru – 560024, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Computer Science, Jain University, Bengaluru – 560011, Karnataka, IN
3 University of Agricultural Sciences, Agricultural Research Station, Raichur - 584102, Karnataka, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 32, No 1 (2018), Pagination: 31-36Abstract
The data mining technique decision tree induction model is a popular method used for prediction and classification problems. The most suitable model in pest forewarning systems is decision tree analysis since pest surveillance data contains biotic, abiotic and environmental variables and IF-THEN rules can be easily framed. The abiotic factors like maximum and minimum temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, etc. are continuous numerical data and are important in climate-change studies. The decision tree model is implemented after pre-processing the data which are suitable for analysis. Data discretization is a pre-processing technique which is used to transform the continuous numerical data into categorical data resulting in interval as nominal values. The most commonly used binning methods are equal-width partitioning and equal-depth partitioning. The total number of bins created for the variable is important because either large number of bins or small number of bins affects the accuracy in results of IF-THEN rules. Hence, optimized binning technique based on Mean Integrated Squared Error (MISE) method is proposed for forming accurate IF-THEN rules in predicting the pest Helicoverpa armigera incidence on cotton crop based on decision tree analysis.Keywords
Bin Optimization, Decision Tree, Discretization, Helicoverpa armigera, If-Then Rules, Pest Prediction.References
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- Studies on New Invasive Pest Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its Natural Enemies
Abstract Views :581 |
PDF Views:380
Authors
A. N. Shylesha
1,
S. K. Jalali
1,
Ankita Gupta
1,
Richa Varshney
1,
T. Venkatesan
1,
Pradeeksha Shetty
1,
Rakshit Ojha
1,
Prabhu C. Ganiger
2,
Omprakash Navik
1,
K. Subaharan
1,
N. Bakthavatsalam
1,
Chandish R. Ballal
1,
A. Raghavendra
1
Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bengaluru - 560024, Karnataka, IN
2 All India Coordinated Research Project on Small Millets, Univeristy of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru - 560065, Karnataka, IN
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bengaluru - 560024, Karnataka, IN
2 All India Coordinated Research Project on Small Millets, Univeristy of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru - 560065, Karnataka, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 32, No 3 (2018), Pagination: 145-151Abstract
Occurrence of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), commonly known as fall armyworm, in southern India is reported along with associated natural enemies. Severe damage was noticed in Chikkaballapur, Hassan, Shivamogga, Davanagere and Chitradurga during July-August 2018. The incidence ranged from 9.0 to 62.5 percent at various locations, maximum incidence was recorded in Hassan district followed by Chikkaballapur, Davanagere, Shivamogga and Chitradurga. Morphology and molecular based taxonomic tools were used for the identification of this pest. The GenBank accession number MH704433 of Chikkaballapur population was released on 1st August, 2018 and Barcode obtained from BOLD System-ID: AGIMP054-18. The survey also revealed natural parasitism by egg parasitoids viz., Telenomus sp. (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) and Trichogramma sp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), gregarious larval parasitoid, Glyptapanteles creatonoti (Viereck) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) solitary larval parasitoid, Campoletis chlorideae Uchida (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), and a solitary indeterminate larval-pupal (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ichneumoninae) parasitoid. Spodoptera frugiperda is the first host record for G. creatonoti across the globe. Glyptapanteles creatonoti, being a well established parasitoid of various noctuids in India and Malaysia, was capable of parasitizing S. frugiperda. Besides these, other commonly found bioagents viz., Forficula sp. (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) and entomopathogenic fungus Nomuraea rileyi (Farl.) Samson was also collected in large numbers. We report the natural enemy complex of S. frugiperda for the first time from India. The electro physiological response of Indian population of S. frugiperda male adults to pheromone was established. The studies to manage this pest by any/all means are in progress.Keywords
Karnataka, Maize, New Pest.References
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- Biology and rearing protocol for Dortus primarius Distant, a predatory mirid (Hemiptera: Miridae)
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Authors
Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, P.B. No. 2491, HA Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore - 560024, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Entomology, GKVK, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore – 560065, Karnataka, IN
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, P.B. No. 2491, HA Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore - 560024, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Entomology, GKVK, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore – 560065, Karnataka, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 32, No 4 (2018), Pagination: 224-229Abstract
Dortus primarius Distant (Miridae: Deraeocorinae) was observed to feed on thrips and other soft bodied insects in the field. Biology, morphology and feeding potential of this species were studied for the first time in the laboratory (at 26 ± 2˚C and 65 ± 2% RH) on UV irradiated Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) eggs. A total of five instars were observed, with nymphal duration of 17.2 days. Mean fecundity was 127.6 eggs per female. Female longevity was higher than male. One nymph could consume a total of 363 C. cephalonica eggs in its life span. Adult male and female fed on a total of 713 and 1014.75 eggs, respectively. Cost of producing 100 D. primarius nymphs and adult nymphs neonate/first instar was INR 10.34/- and INR 200/-, respectively. In this paper all immature stages, eggs and adults are described with live images. Results showed that this species could be reared on UV irradiated C. cephalonica eggs and bean pieces successfully. Further studies are needed to evaluate this species against insect pests in field.Keywords
Biology, Dortus Primarius, Feeding Potential, Mirid Bug, Rearing Protocol.References
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- Morphology and performance specifications of Blaptosthethus pallescens Poppius (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) when reared on two alternate laboratory hosts
Abstract Views :284 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Pest Control (India) Pvt. Ltd., Bio-Control Research Laboratories (BCRL), Arakere Post, Bengaluru - 562163, Karnataka, IN
2 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bengaluru - 560024, Karnataka, India, IN
3 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bengaluru - 560024, Karnataka, IN
1 Pest Control (India) Pvt. Ltd., Bio-Control Research Laboratories (BCRL), Arakere Post, Bengaluru - 562163, Karnataka, IN
2 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bengaluru - 560024, Karnataka, India, IN
3 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bengaluru - 560024, Karnataka, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 32, No 4 (2018), Pagination: 239-245Abstract
The present research paper provides detailed morphology and morphometrics of an anthocorid predator, Blaptostethus pallescens Poppius. To identify the alternate laboratory host to be utilized for mass production, biological parameters of the anthocorid were evaluated by rearing on UV irradiated eggs of two alternate laboratory hosts, Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) and Sitotroga cerealella (Motsch.). Five nymphal instars were recorded on both hosts. No significant differences were observed in incubation period, nymphal duration, total developmental period and sex ratio when reared on the two hosts. However, significant differences were observed in two biological parameters i.e., adult longevity and fecundity. Longer life span and higher fecundity of B. pallescens was recorded when reared on C. cephalonica eggs in comparison to S. cerealella eggs, indicating the suitability of C. cephalonica eggs for mass rearing B. pallescens in the laboratory. B. pallescens could be reared continuously for 7 generations on C. cephalonica eggs.Keywords
Blaptostethus Pallescens, Biological Parameters, Corcyra Cephalonica, Fecundity, Generations, Incubation, Morphology, Morphometrics, Sitotroga Cerealella.References
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